Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Research Article
  • Open access
  • Published:

Central Hemodynamic Parameters are Altered in Resistant Hypertensive Individuals

Artery Research volume 25, pages 101–105 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the major risk factors related to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Sodium intake is linked to elevated blood pressure and can be estimated by 24-h urinary sodium excretion. The objective of this study was to correlate 24 h urinary sodium excretion, blood pressure and arterial stiffness (AS) parameters in hypertensive individuals.

Methods

We evaluated 53 patients who underwent in-office 24-h blood pressure tests and AS parameters using the Mobil-O-Graph® equipment. Te patients were divided into controlled hypertensive and resistant hypertensive. Unpaired t-test was performed with significance at p < 0.05.

Results

Mean age was 64.32 years; weight 77.56 kg; height 1.61 m; and BMI of 29.68 kg/m2. Resistant hypertensive patients (25 subjects) have systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.004), 24 h SBP (p < 0.0001), 24 h DBP (p = 0.002), pulse pressure (PP) (p < 0.0001), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) (p = 0.0003) and central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP) (p = 0.021) higher than controlled hypertensive patients (28 subjects).

Conclusion

Peripheral and central arterial pressures are higher in resistant hypertensive than in controlled hypertensive. Sodium excretion is unrelated to hemodynamic variables. Age is related to the elevation of central pressure and pulse wave velocity.

References

  1. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3021–104.

  2. Salem H, Hasan DM, Eameash A, El-Mageed HA, Hasan S, Ali R. Worldwide prevalence of hypertension: a pooled meta-analysis of 1670 studies in 71 countries with 29.5 million participants. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:A1819.

  3. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM, Reynolds K, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation 2016;134:441–50.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Malachias MVB, Souza WKSB, Plavnik FL, Rodrigues CIS, Brandão AA, Neves MFT, et al. 7th Brazilian Guideline of arterial hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol 2016;107:1–83.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;4:CD004022.

  6. Nobre F, Coelho EB, Lopes PC, Geleilete TJM. Primary systemic arterial hypertension. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto) 2013;46:256–72.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Safar ME, Thuilliez C, Richard V, Benetos A. Pressure-independent contribution of sodium to large artery structure and function in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2000;46:269–76.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sanders PW. Vascular consequences of dietary salt intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009;297:F237–F43.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Polónia J, Maldonado J, Ramos R, Bertoquini S, Duro M, Almeida C, et al. Estimation of salt intake by urinary sodium excretion in a Portuguese adult population and its relationship to arterial stiffness. Rev Port Cardiol 2006;25:801–17 [Article in English, Portuguese].

    Google Scholar 

  10. Santiago LM, Simões AR, Ricardo Miranda P, Matias C, Rosendo I, Constantino L, et al. Peripheral blood pressure by Dinamap and central blood pressure by applanation tonometry in outpatient general practice. Rev Port Cardiol 2013;32:497–503.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fernandes LAB. Effect of a diuretic or angiotensin II receptor blocker on central blood pressure in patients with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension [dissertation]. São José do Rio Preto: Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto; 2015.

  12. Eguchi K, Miyashita H, Shimada K, ABC-J II investigators. Is high central BP but normal office brachial BP a risk?-The ABC-J II Study. Vasc Fail 2018;2:66–73.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chung CM, Cheng HW, Chang JJ, Lin YS, Hsiao JF, Chang ST, et al. Relationship between resistant hypertension and arterial stiffness assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in the older patient. Clin Interv Aging 2014;9:1495–502.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mendes ABB. Evaluation of arterial stiffness and central aortic pressure in resistant hypertensive patients [dissertation]. São José do Rio Preto: Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto; 2015.

  15. Lotufo PA, Pereira AC, Vasconcellos PS, Santos IS, Mill JG, Bensenor IM. Resistant hypertension: risk factors, subclinical atherosclerosis, and comorbidities among adults—the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015;17:74–80.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Boutari C, Stavropoulos K, Imprialos KP, Kokkinos P, Pittaras A, Faselis C, et al. Evaluation of sodium intake in patients with resistant hypertension: clinical practice in Greece. J Hypertens 2016;34:e175.

  17. Díaz A, Galli C, Tringler M, Ramírez A, Cabrera Fischer EI. Reference values of pulse wave velocity in healthy people from an urban and rural Argentinean population. Int J Hypertens 2014;2014:653239.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Meyer ML, Tanaka H, Palta P, Cheng S, Gouskova N, Aguilar D, et al. Correlates of segmental pulse wave velocity in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Hypertens 2015;29:114–22.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Terentes-Printzios D, Vlachopoulos C, Xaplanteris P, Ioakeimidis N, Aznaouridis K, Baou K, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors accelerate progression of vascular aging in the general population: results from the CRAVE study (Cardiovascular Risk Factors Affecting Vascular Age). Hypertension 2017;70: 1057–64.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Totaro S, Khoury PR, Kimball TR, Dolan LM, Urbina EM. Arterial stiffness is increased in young normotensive subjects with high central blood pressure. J Am Soc Hypertens 2015;9:285–92.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Paulo, Brazil

    João Marcos de Menezes Zanatta, Fábio dos Santos Ricardi, Elizabeth do Espírito Santo Cestário, Tatiana Azevedo, Jéssica Rodrigues Uyemura, Luciana Neves Cosenso-Martin, Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo & José Fernando Vilela-Martin

Authors
  1. João Marcos de Menezes Zanatta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fábio dos Santos Ricardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elizabeth do Espírito Santo Cestário
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tatiana Azevedo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jéssica Rodrigues Uyemura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Luciana Neves Cosenso-Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. José Fernando Vilela-Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José Fernando Vilela-Martin.

Additional information

Peer review under responsibility of the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology

Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Rights and permissions

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Menezes Zanatta, J.M., dos Santos Ricardi, F., do Espírito Santo Cestário, E. et al. Central Hemodynamic Parameters are Altered in Resistant Hypertensive Individuals. Artery Res 25, 101–105 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/artres.k.191203.002

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/artres.k.191203.002

Keywords

Artery Research

ISSN: 1876-4401

Contact us