Table 1 Epidemiological characteristics in the study group and the control group

Age (years) median (IQR)

52.5 (37–67)

41 (28–52)

67 (58.5–75)

 < 0.001^a

Gender (female) n (%)

35 (62.5%)

20 (64.5%)

15 (60%)

0.729^b

BMI (KG/M2) median (IQR)

27.8 (25.3–30.6)

26.9 (22.3–28.4)

30.5 (28.1–32.5)

 < 0.001^a

Glucose (MG/DL) median (IQR)

102 (94–123)

96 (89–103)

118.5 (102–146.9)

 < 0.001^a

HBA1C (%) median (IQR)

5.6 (5.3–6.4)

5.4 (5.2–5.6)

6.2 (5.6–7.2)

0.003^a

LDL (MG/DL) median (IQR)

94.5 (75.5–135.5)

128.4 (94.5–150.3)

82.6 (71–106.5)

0.003^a

Triglycerides (MG/DL) median (IQR)

126 (90.5–190)

105 (78.8–136.5)

155 (109–234)

0.002^a

Albumin (MG/DL) median (IQR)

3.9 (3.7–4.3)

3.9 (3.6–4.3)

4 (3.8–4.4)

0.367^a

Hemoglobin level (MG/DL) median (IQR)

12.7 (11.1–13.7)

12.9 (11.4–13.7)

12.6 (10.5–14.2)

0.936^a

Creatinine (MG/DL) median (IQR)

1.26 (0.9–1.6)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

0.056^a

GFR median (IQR)

50 (38.2–90)

86 (45.8–106.8)

42 (37–53)

0.002^a

Urine protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) MEDIAN (IQR)

653.1 (193.5–1104)

733.7 (416–1227.8)

345.1 (131.2–759.5)

0.119^a

Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) median (IQR)

94.1 (26.4–300)

137.1 (34.9–316.8)

94.1 (22.8–225.8)

0.314^a

Urine protein median (IQR)

300.7 (177.3–852.9)

277.5 (176.8–870.3)

337.7 (155.6–856)

0.975^a

Smoking n (%)

12 (22.6%)

4 (13.3%)

8 (34.8%)

0.064^b

Diabetes mellitus n (%)

17 (30.4%)

2 (6.5%)

15 (60%)

 < 0.001^b

Hypertension n (%)

30 (60%)

10 (38.5%)

20 (83.3%)

0.001^b

Raas inhibitors n (%)

34 (69.4%)

18 (72%)

16 (66.7%)

0.686^b

Calcium channel blockers n (%)

15 (30.6%)

4 (16%)

11 (45.8%)

0.024^b

Beta blockers n (%)

17 (34.7%)

3 (12%)

14 (58.3%)

0.001^b

Diuretics n (%)

14 (28.6%)

2 (8%)

12 (50%)

0.001^b

Alpha blockers n (%)

8 (16.3%)

2 (8%)

6 (25%)

0.108^b

Statins n (%)

27 (55.1%)

8 (32%)

19 (79.2%)

0.001^b

Drug treatment for diabetes n (%)

16 (32.7%)

2 (8%)

14 (58.3%)

 < 0.001^b

Treatment for dyslipidemia n (%)

24 (51.1%)

11 (47.8%)

13 (54.2%)

0.664^b