Table 1 The early life influences on vascular function and cardiometabolic risk

Preconception

Parental genetics

Epigenetic influences on oocytes and sperm

Pre-pregnancy maternal disease or drug treatment

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)

Pregnancy

Placental function

Gestational age (prematurity)

Intrauterine growth retardation

Birth weight (low, normal, or high)

Organ development and function

Post-natal development

Early feeding patterns

Catch-up growth

Neurocognitive function

Health problems

Congenital malformations

Adolescence

Timing of puberty

Obesity development

Adverse lifestyle (sedentary, alcohol, smoking)

Socio-economic and educational factors