Skip to main content

Table 3 Stiffness and stretch at different blood pressures for sexes, divided into age groups

From: Abdominal Aortic Wall Cross-coupled Stiffness Could Potentially Contribute to Aortic Length Remodeling

 

Male

Female

Young (n = 5)

Middle (n = 5)

Elderly (n = 5)

Total

Regr (R2)

Young (n = 5)

Middle (n = 5)

Elderly (n = 5)

Total

Regr (R2)

SBP

\({S}_{\theta \theta }\) (MN/m)

1.02 ± 0.48aa, b

4.12 ± 3.13

5.49 ± 2.51

3.54 ± 2.90(*), €€, ££

0.49 ↑↑

1.38 ± 0.71a

2.15 ± 1.15(c)

4.25 ± 2.13

2.60 ± 1.84€€, ££

0.38 ↑

\({S}_{\theta z}\) (MN/m)

0.66 ± 0.32aa, b

2.34 ± 1.78

2.94 ± 1.31

1.98 ± 1.56(*), €€, ££

0.45 ↑↑

0.88 ± 0.49a

1.33 ± 0.72

2.24 ± 1.16

1.48 ± 0.97€€, ££

0.30 ↑

\({S}_{z\theta }\) (MN/m)

0.53 ± 0.27aa, b

2.13 ± 1.67

2.76 ± 1.25

1.81 ± 1.49(*), €€, ££

0.47 ↑↑

0.74 ± 0.44a

1.19 ± 0.70

2.09 ± 0.70

1.34 ± 0.94€€, ££

0.32 ↑

\({S}_{zz}\) (MN/m)

0.77 ± 0.30aa, b

2.16 ± 1.27

2.84 ± 1.11

1.92 ± 1.28€, £

0.53 ↑↑

1.01 ± 0.51(a)

1.45 ± 0.76

2.10 ± 1.08

1.49 ± 0.72(€), (£)

0.20 ↗

λθ

1.28 ± 0.06aa, bb

1.19 ± 0.14(c)

1.09 ± 0.03

1.22 ± 0.15€

0.74 ↓↓

1.33 ± 0.13aa, b

1.20 ± 0.08

1.12 ± 0.03

1.21 ± 0.12€

0.56 ↓↓

λz§

1.050 ± 0.005aa, (b)

1.029 ± 0.001(c)

1.012 ± 0.003

1.03 ± 0.02

0.66 ↓↓

1.049 ± 0.026aa, bb

1.027 ± 0.010

1.018 ± 0.006

1.03 ± 0.02

0.44 ↓↓

DBP

\({S}_{\theta \theta }\) (MN/m)

0.43 ± 0.13aa, b

1.24 ± 0.61(c)

1.80 ± 0.72(C)

1.16 ± 0.78

0.59 ↑↑

0.58 ± 0.26a

0.82 ± 0.39

1.24 ± 0.56

0.88 ± 0.48

0.29 ↑

\({S}_{\theta z}\) (MN/m)

0.22 ± 0.06aa, b

0.59 ± 0.30(c)

0.86 ± 0.35(C)

0.56 ± 0.37

0.57 ↑↑

0.28 ± 0.12a

0.38 ± 0.18

0.59 ± 0.26

0.41 ± 0.22

0.28 ↑

\({S}_{z\theta }\) (MN/m)

0.20 ± 0.05aa, b

0.56 ± 0.30(c)

0.83 ± 0.34(C)

0.53 ± 0.36

0.58 ↑↑

0.26 ± 0.11a

0.36 ± 0.17

0.57 ± 0.27

0.39 ± 0.22

0.30 ↑

\({S}_{zz}\) (MN/m)

0.41 ± 0.11aa, b

1.12 ± 0.53(c)

1.68 ± 0.59(C)

1.07 ± 0.69

0.65 ↑↑

0.55 ± 0.23(a)

0.79 ± 0.40

1.11 ± 0.59

0.82 ± 0.47

0.22 ↗

λθ

1.19 ± 0.03aa, b

1.12 ± 0.09c

1.05 ± 0.02

1.12 ± 0.08

0.63 ↓↓

1.16 ± 0.05aa, (b)

1.10 ± 0.04

1.07 ± 0.02

1.11 ± 0.05

0.57 ↓↓

λz§

1.050 ± 0.005aa, (b)

1.029 ± 0.001(c)

1.012 ± 0.003

1.03 ± 0.02

0.66 ↓↓

1.049 ± 0.026aa, bb

1.027 ± 0.010

1.018 ± 0.006

1.03 ± 0.02

0.44 ↓↓

MAP

\({S}_{\theta \theta }\) (MN/m)

0.51 ± 0.17aa, b

1.40 ± 0.67(c)

2.10 ± 1.12

1.34 ± 0.98

0.50 ↑↑

0.67 ± 0.29a

0.88 ± 0.36

1.53 ± 0.59

1.03 ± 0.55

0.38 ↑

\({S}_{\theta z}\) (MN/m)

0.27 ± 0.09aa, b

0.68 ± 0.33(c)

1.02 ± 0.56

0.66 ± 0.47

0.68 ↑↑

0.34 ± 0.14a

0.42 ± 0.16

0.74 ± 0.28

0.50 ± 0.26

0.36 ↑

\({S}_{z\theta }\) (MN/m)

0.24 ± 0.08aa, b

0.64 ± 0.32(c)

0.97 ± 0.54

0.62 ± 0.46

0.47 ↑↑

0.30 ± 0.13a

0.39 ± 0.15

0.70 ± 0.28

0.46 ± 0.28

0.38 ↑

\({S}_{zz}\) (MN/m)

0.46 ± 0.13aa, b

0.18 ± 0.53(c)

1.76 ± 0.68(C)

1.13 ± 0.99

0.58 ↑↑

0.60 ± 0.23(a)

0.82 ± 0.38

1.19 ± 0.59

0.87 ± 0.47

0.24 ↗

λθ

1.25 ± 0.04aa, b

1.14 ± 0.11(c)

1.07 ± 0.02

1.15 ± 0.10

0.69 ↓↓

1.22 ± 0.07aa, b

1.14 ± 0.05

1.14 ± 0.05

1.15 ± 0.08

0.58 ↓↓

λz§

1.050 ± 0.005aa, (b)

1.029 ± 0.001(c)

1.012 ± 0.003

1.03 ± 0.02

0.66 ↓↓

1.049 ± 0.026aa, bb

1.027 ± 0.010

1.018 ± 0.006

1.03 ± 0.02

0.44 ↓↓

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD
  2. SBP systolic blood pressure DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, \({S}_{\theta \theta }\) direct stiffness in circumferential direction, \({S}_{\theta z}\) cross-coupled stiffness in circumferential direction, \({S}_{z\theta }\) cross-coupled stiffness in longitudinal direction, \({S}_{zz}\) direct stiffness in longitudinal direction. \({\lambda }_{\theta }\) stretch in circumferential direction, \({\lambda }_{z}\) stretch in longitudinal direction. Young: 23–30 years, middle 41–54 years, elderly 67–72 years
  3. §\({\lambda }_{z}\) is constant and therefore do not change with pressure. *P < 0.05 when comparing male vs female independent of age (total), with respect to pressure. €, £P < 0.05, when comparing pressure (SBP vs DBP, SBP vs MAP, respectively) with respect to male or female. €€, ££indicate P < 0.01
  4. a, b, cP < 0.05 when comparing young vs elderly, young vs middle, middle vs elderly, respectively, for male or female. aa, bbP < 0.01. CP < 0.05 when comparing male vs female for elderly. ‘()’ indicate P < 0.10
  5. ↑↑, ↑, ↗: positive correlation; ↓↓, ↓, ↘: negative correlation; triplet from left to right: P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.10, respectively. → = no correlation
Back to article page

Artery Research

ISSN: 1876-4401

Contact us