Fig. 4

Layer-specific circumferential (\({\sigma }_{\theta \theta }\)) and axial (\({\sigma }_{zz}\)) Cauchy stress and circumferential material stiffness (\({{\mathcal{C}}}_{\theta \theta \theta \theta }\)) as a function of pressure for the three cases analysed in this study: (1) full tri-layered model with residual deformations (A, D, G), (2) tri-layered model neglecting residual deformations (B, E, H), and (3) tri-layered model neglecting \({\mathbf{F}}_{1}\) (C, F, I)