Fig. 4

Effects of long-term aerobic exercise on NO production in PVAT. a Representative fluorographs of DAF-2-treated sections of the thoracic aorta PVAT. Digital images were captured using 40 × , 100 × , and 200 × objectives. Green: NO; blue: nucleus counterstained by DAPI. b Quantitative analysis of the NO production measured by DAF-2-relative to DAPI in the aorta with PVAT (n = 3–4). c Nitrate levels in PVAT were measured using the Griess method (n = 5). The results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD; * indicates P < 0.05. PVAT perivascular adipose tissue, DAPI destination access point identifier, DAF-2 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate, NO nitric oxide, NC normal diet control group, NE normal diet exercise group, HC high-fat diet control group; HE, high-fat diet exercise group