Fig. 1

Effects of long-term aerobic exercise on PVAT mass and morphology. a Representative images of the aorta with PVAT. b Summarized data of PVAT mass (n = 9). c Representative images of PVAT stained with H&E. d Quantification of lipid droplet area in PVAT (n = 4). e Quantification of aorta thickness (n = 4). The results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD; ^* indicates P < 0.05. PVAT perivascular adipose tissue, H&E hematoxylin & eosin staining, NC normal diet control group, NE normal diet exercise group, HC high-fat diet control group, HE high-fat diet exercise group